Crack is the street name for the drug's freebase form. This is processed to form a rock crystal that can be heated in a pipe. The vapors are then smoked. Crack cocaine resembles white or tan pellets. The term crack refers to the crackling sound heard when the mixture is smoked. Because crack is smoked, the user gets a high in less than 10 seconds. The immediate effects and crack's low cost have made it popular.
The health consequences of long-term cocaine abuse include disturbances in heart rhythm, heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, convulsions, and coma. Cocaine abusers are at increased risk for contracting HIV or AIDS. This is due to sharing contaminated needles and other drug paraphernalia. It is also due to risky sexual behaviors.
Rhythm Doctor Download Crack Cocaine
True ventricular tachycardia can frequently be distinguished from aberrantly conducted sinus tachycardia discussed above and should be suspected based on clinical and electrocardiographic findings. When time permits, standard analyses should be performed on the surface electrocardiogram [13]. Additionally, in the setting of cocaine associated myocardial ischaemia and infarction patients will often lack typical clinical findings of cocaine toxicity and wide complex tachycardia is more likely to represent a re-entrant rhythm (ventricular tachycardia) than the aberrantly conducted tachycardia that results from sodium channel blockade. Patients should be given oxygen and assisted ventilation if necessary. Benzodiazepines should be administered for their effects on agitation and heart rate as above and for their additional anti-anginal effects in patients with cocaine associated acute coronary syndromes [33, 34] as well as their anticonvulsant effects. Lidocaine becomes the preferred drug with hypertonic sodium bicarbonate reserved for lidocaine failures. Once again all IA and IC anti-arrhythmic agents as well as β-adrenergic receptor antagonists are contraindicated [35, 36] and the use of amiodarone is unsupported. Electrical cardioversion should be considered for unstable or refractory patients.
One of the more severe complications secondary to direct inhalation is known as crack lung, where inhalation of freebase cocaine results in the accumulation of eosinophils, cytokines, and other participants of the inflammatory cascade.3,9 Biopsy results would show diffuse alveolar damage with alveolar hemorrhage, and tissue findings would showcase elevated macrophages and eosinophils.3,6 Radiographic findings include diffuse perihilar and interstitial opacities that may have a ground-glass appearance. A bronchoalveolar lavage can confirm the diagnosis if radiographic findings are not conclusive.3 Treatment with empiric steroids or other immunosuppressive agents remains controversial.10
Vital signs were stable and as follows: HR: 68, BP: 124/79, Sp02 99% on 2 l NC and RR: 16. On physical exam the patient was A&Ox3, normocephalic with some rhinorrhea, PERRLA and had normal S1S2 without murmurs; the lungs were clear and the abdomen was soft and non-tender. Pulses were equal and symmetrical bilaterally, and the skin warm and dry. CBC and BMP were unremarkable, with CIPs negative x 1, and the EKG showed a normal sinus rhythm without arrhythmia or ST segment changes. The AP chest x-ray revealed a pneumomediastinum, which was confirmed by a CT of the thorax. A barium swallow was also performed to rule out esophageal involvement, and given the heavy cocaine use leading up to his condition, a CT reconstruction of the nasopharynx and respiratory system was obtained to rule out perforation (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4).
The health consequences of long-term cocaine abuse include disturbances in heart rhythm, heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, convulsions, and coma. Cocaine abusers are at increased risk for contracting HIV or AIDS. This is due to sharing contaminated needles and other drug paraphernalia. It's also due to increased risky sexual behaviors.
Cocaine can be smoked, rubbed onto the gums, snorted, injected, or added to food and drink, depending on the form. Cocaine powder is white and is usually snorted. 'Crack' is cocaine made into small 'rocks' and usually smoked in a pipe, foil or bottle. Cocaine powder and crack can be mixed into a liquid for injecting.
The immediate effects of cocaine and crack don't last very long. They usually peak in 2-5 minutes and last from 10 minutes up to a couple of hours. You can't always tell how long the effects will last, because you never know the strength of street cocaine.
Pure cocaine was first extracted from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia, in the mid-19th century. In the early 1900s, it became the main stimulant drug used in most of the tonics/elixirs that were developed to treat a wide variety of illnesses. Today, cocaine is a Schedule II drug, meaning that it has high potential for abuse, but can be administered by a doctor for legitimate medical uses, such as local anesthesia for some eye, ear, and throat surgeries.
Because crack is smoked, the user experiences a high in less than 10 seconds. This rather immediate and euphoric effect is one of the reasons that crack became enormously popular in the mid 1980s. Another reason is that crack is inexpensive both to produce and to buy. Crack cocaine remains a serious problem in the United States. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated the number of current crack users to be about 567,000 in 2002.
There can be severe medical complications associated with cocaine use. Some of the most frequent complications are cardiovascular effects, including disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks; respiratory effects such as chest pain and respiratory failure; neurological effects, including strokes, seizures, and headaches; and gastrointestinal complications, including abdominal pain and nausea.
Yes. Cocaine abusers, especially those who inject, are at increased risk for contracting such infectious diseases as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) and viral hepatitis. In fact, use and abuse of illicit drugs, including crack cocaine, are major risk factors for new cases of HIV. Drug abuse-related spread of HIV can result from direct transmission of the virus through the sharing of contaminated needles and paraphernalia between injecting drug users. It can also result from indirect transmission, such as an HIV-infected mother transmitting the virus perinatally to her child. This is particularly alarming given that 30 percent of all new AIDS cases are among women. Research has also shown that drug use can interfere with judge- ment about risk-taking behavior, and can potentially lead to reduced precautions regarding sexual behaviors, the sharing of needles and injection paraphernalia, and the trading of sex for drugs, by both men and women. 2ff7e9595c
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